Nausea & Vomiting

• Chemotherapy
• Gastroparesis (a condition in which the muscles of the stomach wall don't function properly, interfering with digestion)
• General anesthesia
• Intestinal obstruction
• Motion sickness: First aid
• Morning sickness
• Migraine
• Rotavirus
• Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
• Vestibular neuritis

Other possible causes of nausea and vomiting include:

• Alcohol use disorder
• Anaphylaxis (in children)
• Anorexia nervosa
• Appendicitis
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
• Brain tumor (both cancerous and noncancerous)
• Bulimia nervosa
• Concussion
• Cholecystitis
• Cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation)
• Cyclic vomiting syndrome
• Depression (major depressive disorder)
• Dizziness
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Ear infection (middle ear)
• Food poisoning
• Generalized anxiety disorder
• GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
• Hiatal hernia
• Heart failure
• Gallstones
• Fever (in children)
• Hydrocephalus (a congenital brain abnormality)
• Hyperparathyroidism (overactive parathyroid)
• Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
• Hypoparathyroidism (underactive parathyroid)
• Intestinal ischemia
• Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)
• Intracranial hematoma
• Intussusception (in children)
• Duodenitis (inflammation of the initial portion of the small intestine)
• Liver cancer
• Liver failure
• Medications (including aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, oral contraceptives, digitalis, narcotics and antibiotics)
• Meniere's disease
• Meningitis
• Milk allergy (in infants and children)
• Pancreatic cancer
• Pancreatitis
• Peptic ulcer
• Pseudotumor cerebri
• Pyloric stenosis (in infants)
• Radiation therapy
• Severe pain
• Traumatic brain injury

When to see a doctor

Seek prompt medical attention if nausea and vomiting are accompanied by other warning signs, such as:

• Chest pain
• Severe abdominal pain or cramping
• Blurred vision
• Fainting
• Confusion
• Cold, clammy, pale skin
• High fever and stiff neck
• Fecal material or fecal odor in the vomit
• Seek immediate medical attention

Ask someone to drive you to urgent care or an emergency room if:

• Nausea and vomiting are accompanied by pain or a severe headache, especially if you haven't had this type of headache before
• You're unable to eat or drink for 12 hours or your child hasn't been able to keep liquids down for eight hours
• You have signs or symptoms of dehydration — excessive thirst, dry mouth, infrequent urination, dark-colored urine and weakness, dizziness or lightheadedness upon standing
• Your vomit contains blood, resembles coffee grounds or is green

Make an appointment with your doctor if:

• Vomiting lasts more than two days for adults, 24 hours for children under age 2 or 12 hours for infants
• You've had bouts of nausea and vomiting for longer than one month
• You've experienced unexplained weight loss along with nausea and vomiting

Take self-care measures while you wait for your appointment with your doctor:

• Take it easy. Too much activity and not getting enough rest might make nausea worse.
• Stay hydrated. Take small sips of cold, clear, carbonated or sour drinks, such as ginger ale, lemonade and water. Mint tea also may help.
• Avoid strong odors and other triggers. Food and cooking smells, perfume, smoke, stuffy rooms, heat, humidity, flickering lights, and driving are among the possible triggers of nausea and vomiting.
• Eat bland foods. Start with easily digested foods such as gelatin, crackers and toast. When you can keep these down, try cereal, rice, fruit, and salty or high-protein, high-carbohydrate foods. Avoid fatty or spicy foods. Wait to eat solid foods until about six hours after the last time you vomited.
• Use over-the-counter (OTC) motion sickness medicines. If you're planning a trip, OTC motion sickness drugs, such as Stugeron or Kwells Travel Sickness tablets, may help calm your queasy stomach. 
• If your queasiness stems from pregnancy, try nibbling on some crackers before you get out of bed in the morning.

References:

https://patient.info/doctor/persistent-nausea-or-vomiting

http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-nausea-vomiting#1

http://www.healthline.com/health/nausea-and-vomiting

http://www.medicinenet.com/nausea_and_vomiting/article.htm